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Abstract

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of the composition of colored wastewater generated in cotton, wool, and silk textile enterprises, the sources of pollution, and modern physicochemical treatment methods. Wastewater formed during bleaching, dyeing, and wet processing is characterized by high concentrations of dyes, surfactants, organic and inorganic compounds, as well as colloidal particles. The main objective of the study is to determine the possibilities for effective treatment of colored wastewater using adsorbents obtained from local industrial wastes and to develop optimal technological regimes. In the course of the research, highly dispersed fly ash obtained from the Angren Thermal Power Plant, as well as adsorbents synthesized on the basis of ash–slag waste, were used in the adsorption process, while aluminum sulfate served as a coagulant. This approach increased the efficiency of the adsorption process and enabled the production of functional materials through the recycling of industrial waste. During the experiments, the effects of reagent addition sequence and the dosages of adsorbent and coagulant on treatment efficiency were investigated. The degree of color removal was determined by photometric methods, and the treatment efficiency was found to range between 85% and 98%. The results indicate that the combination of adsorption and coagulation processes ensures high efficiency in the treatment of colored wastewater and creates opportunities for subsequent reuse of water in technological processes. The proposed method is environmentally and economically feasible and contributes to the rational use of water resources in textile industry enterprises.

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