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Abstract

Chitosan is also widely used in the paper industry to improve paper production and paper properties. Indeed, the molecular structure of chitosan is similar to cellulose, which contributes to the formation of a strong compound. Due to the presence of chitin (-NHCOCH3) functional groups in chitosan (-NH2), these groups are insoluble in water, but soluble in a solution of chitosan acid with deacetylation levels above 60%. On the contrary, chitin does not dissolve. Chitin and chitosan are insoluble in alkaline and organic solutions under normal conditions. In general, a high percentage of the amine (NH2) in chitosan determines deacetylation levels (DD). DD is an important parameter affecting solubility, chemical activity and biodegradability. Chitosan has antibacterial, antiviral and antitoxic activity. Its properties are explained by the fact that the substance contains many cations. This allows it to “bind” with negatively charged structures on the surface of bacteria. As a result, the cell's metabolism with the environment is disrupted, and this leads to its death. Nowadays, chitosan is widely used not only to improve the physical and mechanical properties of paper, but also to produce paper with antibacterial properties.

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